A Real Business Cycle Model of the Phillips Curve

The aim of this article is to show that RBC models can account for the so-called Phillips curve. We propose an efficiency wage model in which money is introduced via a cash-in-advance constraint. Households choose how much effort to devote by comparing present real and nominal wages with past ones. This special intertemporal effort function implies wage sluggishness and a higher volatility of employment compared to standard RBC models. It also reduces a negative contemporaneous correlation between inflation and output, one of the more difficult moments to match for a cash-in-advance model. The model allows to match labor market moments and also to build up a transmission mechanism that affects employment through nominal wage growth. The model generates a Phillips curve that is able to mimic US data.Efficiency wage; RBC; wage sluggishness; cash-in-advance; Phillips curve

EVALUACIÓN DE LOS PARÁMETROS CARDIOVASCULARES DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE LIDOCAÍNA Y DEXMEDETOMIDINA POR VÍA INTRAVENOSA EN PERROS ANESTESIADOS CON SEVOFLURANO.

La administración de anestésicos inhalatorios deprime la función cardio-respiratoria de manera dependiente de la dosis. En el área de la anestesiología existe un gran interés por la utilización de fármacos capaces de disminuir los requerimientos de los anestésicos inhalatorios. El diseño de este estudio fue cruzado aleatorio prospectivo y experimental. Se incluyeron 6 perros adultos de raza criolla, castrados con un peso de 21 ± 3 Kg. La inducción se llevó a cabo con sevoflurano a través de mascarilla facial. Una vez alcanzando el plano anestésico adecuado cada uno de los pacientes recibió cada uno de los siguientes tratamientos,(Grupo LID) dosis de carga 2 mg/Kg, IV, posteriormente se inició una infusión continua IC) de 100 μg/Kg, IV, (Grupo DEX) 2 μg/Kg, IV, posteriormente se inició una IFC de 2 μg/Kg, IV, (Grupo LID-DEX), en este grupo recibieron una dosis de carga de LID y DEX, 2 mg/Kg y 2 μg/Kg, IV, durante un minuto y posteriormente se inició IFC de LID a una dosis de 100 μg/Kg/min y (IFC) de DEX a una dosis de 2 μg/Kg/hora. La presión arterial sistólica, diastólica y media (PAS, PAD, PAM), presión venosa central (PVC), presión de oclusión de la arteria pulmonar (POAP), gasto cardiaco (GC), trabajo sistólico del ventrículo izquierdo (LVSW), índice de resistencia vascular sistémica (IRVS), se evaluaron en cada tratamiento, la concentración de sevoflurano se ajustó para cada uno de los tratamientos basados en un estudio previo. La utilización de (DEX) sola o en combinación (LIDO-DEX) produce disminución de la (FC), e índice cardiaco IC de manera estadísticamente significativa en comparación con el grupo (LIDO) y el valor basal (BAS) (p <0,0001).En el grupo (DEX) la presión de oclusión arterial pulmonar (POAP), (IRVS) aumento de manera estadísticamente significativa, en comparación con el grupo (LID) y el valor basal (BAS) (p <0,0001). La presión (PAD), (IRVS), (POAP), (SVI) aumento de manera estadísticamente significativa en el grupo (LIDO-DEX) en comparación con el grupo (LID) y el valor basal (p <0,0005); p <0,0001; p <0,0001; p <0,001). La liberación de oxígeno a los tejidos (DO2) disminuyo de manera estadísticamente significativa en los grupos DEX, y LIDO-DEX en comparación con el grupo LIDO y el valor basal (p < 0.001). La utilización de dexmedetomidina y su combinación con lidocaína con una dosis de impregnación intravenosa seguida de una infusión continua ocasiona cambios cardiovasculares significativos similares a los observados con la utilización de dexmedetomidina sola en perros anestesiados con sevoflurano

Spanish Unemployment Persistence and the Ladder Effect

This paper aims to examine to what extent a "ladder" e.ect may contribute to explain changes in unemployment in Spain. The "ladder" e.ect arises when highly-skilled workers who do not find a job that matches their skills, accept jobs that were previously occupied by less qualified staff. We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model. The model is then calibrated for the Spanish economy. Our results replicate the observed decline in the ratio of high to low-skilled vacancies, and explain how firms substitute high for low-skilled employment. These results also suggest that in the Spanish case, ladder e.ect can be better explained by increases in training costs interpreted as a biased-shock against low-skilled workers.Matching models, low-skilled unemployment, mismatch

Web 2.0, language resources and standards to automatically build a multilingual named entity lexicon

This paper proposes to advance in the current state-of-the-art of automatic Language Resource (LR) building by taking into consideration three elements: (i) the knowledge available in existing LRs, (ii) the vast amount of information available from the collaborative paradigm that has emerged from the Web 2.0 and (iii) the use of standards to improve interoperability. We present a case study in which a set of LRs for different languages (WordNet for English and Spanish and Parole-Simple-Clips for Italian) are extended with Named Entities (NE) by exploiting Wikipedia and the aforementioned LRs. The practical result is a multilingual NE lexicon connected to these LRs and to two ontologies: SUMO and SIMPLE. Furthermore, the paper addresses an important problem which affects the Computational Linguistics area in the present, interoperability, by making use of the ISO LMF standard to encode this lexicon. The different steps of the procedure (mapping, disambiguation, extraction, NE identification and postprocessing) are comprehensively explained and evaluated. The resulting resource contains 974,567, 137,583 and 125,806 NEs for English, Spanish and Italian respectively. Finally, in order to check the usefulness of the constructed resource, we apply it into a state-of-the-art Question Answering system and evaluate its impact; the NE lexicon improves the system’s accuracy by 28.1%. Compared to previous approaches to build NE repositories, the current proposal represents a step forward in terms of automation, language independence, amount of NEs acquired and richness of the information represented

3D human pose estimation from depth maps using a deep combination of poses

Many real-world applications require the estimation of human body joints for higher-level tasks as, for example, human behaviour understanding. In recent years, depth sensors have become a popular approach to obtain three-dimensional information. The depth maps generated by these sensors provide information that can be employed to disambiguate the poses observed in two-dimensional images. This work addresses the problem of 3D human pose estimation from depth maps employing a Deep Learning approach. We propose a model, named Deep Depth Pose (DDP), which receives a depth map containing a person and a set of predefined 3D prototype poses and returns the 3D position of the body joints of the person. In particular, DDP is defined as a ConvNet that computes the specific weights needed to linearly combine the prototypes for the given input. We have thoroughly evaluated DDP on the challenging 'ITOP' and 'UBC3V' datasets, which respectively depict realistic and synthetic samples, defining a new state-of-the-art on them.Comment: Accepted for publication at "Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation

Immigration and Social Benefits in a Mediterranean Welfare State: The Case of Spain

The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of immigration on the Spanish Welfare State nowadays. Using two different household surveys, both the reception of state cash transfers and the use of public health care insurance by nationals and immigrants are analysed. Controlling by observable socio-demographic characteristics, we find that immigrants receive fewer cash transfers than locals and do not exhibit a statistically significant higher use of health care services than nationals. The nature of the Spanish Welfare State compared to its European correlates and the age composition of the immigrant population, concentrated in active age, can help to explain these findings.Immigration; Welfare State; Spain; cash transfers; health care

The impact of the minimum wage on Spanish youth: Evidence from a natural experiment

This work assesses the impact of the minimum wage on youth employment, unemployment and education enrolment in Spain. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we take advantage of the fact that the minimum wage for people aged 16 and 17 years old, which was approximately two thirds the level of the standard minimum wage, was raised to reach full convergence with the latter in a period of three years (from 1995 to 1998). The empirical analysis suggests that this policy intervention depressed the employment levels of the affected group, raised unemployment among them and decreased the probability of remaining in formal education.minimum wage, Spain, difference-in-differences, employment

Vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of hydrogenated amorphous carbons. III. Diffusion of photo-produced H2 as a function of temperature

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) has been proposed as one of the carbonaceous solids detected in the interstellar medium. Energetic processing of the a-C:H particles leads to the dissociation of the C-H bonds and the formation of hydrogen molecules and small hydrocarbons. Photo-produced H2 molecules in the bulk of the dust particles can diffuse out to the gas phase and contribute to the total H2 abundance. We have simulated this process in the laboratory with plasma-produced a-C:H and a-C:D analogs under astrophysically relevant conditions to investigate the dependence of the diffusion as a function of temperature. Plasma-produced a-C:H analogs were UV-irradiated using a microwave-discharged hydrogen flow lamp. Molecules diffusing to the gas-phase were detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer, providing a measurement of the outgoing H2 or D2 flux. By comparing the experimental measurements with the expected flux from a one-dimensional diffusion model, a diffusion coefficient D could be derived for experiments carried out at different temperatures. Dependance on the diffusion coefficient D with the temperature followed an Arrhenius-type equation. The activation energy for the diffusion process was estimated (ED(H2)=1660+-110 K, ED(D2)=2090+-90 K), as well as the pre-exponential factor (D0(H2)=0.0007+0.0013-0.0004 cm2 s-1, D0(D2)=0.0045+0.005-0.0023 cm2 s-1) The strong decrease of the diffusion coefficient at low dust particle temperatures exponentially increases the diffusion times in astrophysical environments. Therefore, transient dust heating by cosmic rays needs to be invoked for the release of the photo- produced H2 molecules in cold PDR regions, where destruction of the aliphatic component in hydrogenated amorphous carbons most probably takes place

Health care utilization and immigration in Spain

The aim of this work is to analyze the use of health care services by immigrants in Spain. Using a nationally representative health survey from 2006-2007 that allows overcoming problems present in previous studies and negative binomial and hurdle models, it is found that there is no statistically significant difference in the patterns of visits to physicians and hospital stays between migrants and natives in Spain. However, immigrants have a lower access to specialists and visit emergency rooms with higher frequency than nationals.health care; immigration; Spain; access; equity